Reservoir Units Optimization in Pneumatic Spray Delivery-Based Fixed Spray System for Large-Scale Commercial Adaptation
نویسندگان
چکیده
A pneumatic spray delivery (PSD)-based solid set canopy system (SSCDS) consists of in-line reservoirs and micro-emitter assemblies distributed throughout perennial crop canopies. The existing PSD-based SSCDS uses a large number reservoirs, i.e., one unit per 3 m linear spacing, which resulted in high installation maintenance costs. These also produces up to 25% post-spray chemical losses. Therefore, this study aimed optimize the volumetric capacity functionality reservoir for an efficient performance large-scale commercial adaptation SSCDS. Three with capacities 370 (1×), 740 (2×), 1110 mL (3×) were developed cover span 3.0, 6.1, 9.1 m, respectively. Five configurations modified outlets evaluated laboratory pressure drop uniformity. three best then field high-density apple orchard. had 1×, 2×, 3× micro-emitters installed three-tier arrangement. Each replicate configuration was as 77 loop length encompassing 50 trees trained tall spindle architecture. pair water-sensitive paper (WSPs) samplers (25.4 × 25.4 mm) placed on abaxial adaxial leaf surfaces bottom, middle, top third evaluate coverage (%). showed no significant difference at 5% level terms among treatments. Coverage more evenly top, bottom zones 2× compared 1× treatment. Overall, could potentially reduce costs by USD 20,000 23,410 ha−1, respectively, orchards needs well.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2071-1050']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710843